Vulgate (standard English), Roman Catholic, Greek, Slavonic, Luther,"Expanded" (NRSV, etc)

historian Josephus used this version

this version probably brought to Egypt ca. 77 B.C. / B.C.E.

additions in different original languages for

religious language, authenticity, literary style

begin with 11:2 - 12:6

Additions to Daniel

(all these additions exist in two "text-types")

order of parts varies in manuscripts

between 3:23 and 3:24

Benedicite, omnia opera (Easter vigil canticle)

a court room story

pure woman, falsely accused

tricking the idols

Bel: footprints in the ashes

Dragon: burst open

-- and Habakkuk's flight of mercy

Psalm 151

(Syriac has 151 - 155 -- some also among Dead Sea Hebrew)

substantial portions of Hebrew discovered

written shortly before 175 B.C. / B.C.E.

grandson did Greek translation -- note prologue

style and content primarily like that of Proverbs

wisdom and torah 24

glories of creation 42:15-43:33

praise of ancestors 44:1-49:16

high priest Onias, etc 50

Wisdom of Solomon

Greek philosophical framework for wisdom and apocalyptic

traditional introit for pentecost begins with Wisdom 1:7

book of last things 1:1 - 6:11

book of wisdom 6:12 - 9:18

book of history 10-19

immortality of the righteous 3:1-9

early death 4:10-15

4 Maccabees

probably written mid-first century C.E. / A.D.

"religious reason is sovreign over the emotions" (Hadas)

appeals to example of martyrs of 2 Maccabees 6-7

several other works attributed to Baruch,

Jeremiah's secretary

possibly from ca 164 B.C. / B.C.E.

introductory narrative 1:1-14

prayer 1:15-3:8

wisdom poem 3:9-4:4

zion poem 4:5-5:9

Easter vigil reading 3:9-37

Letter of Jeremiah (Baruch 6)

format based on Jer 29

content based on Jer 10:2-15

referred to in 2 Macc 2:2

even Dead Sea fragment is Greek

but may have been Hebrew

2 Esdras

1-2 and 15-16 later Christian additions

apocalyptic

3:1 identifies Ezra as Shealtiel

date is symbol for years after Roman destruction

of Jerusalem

chunk of chapter 7 cut out results in dual numbering

2 Chron 35-36; most Ezra; Nehemiah 7:73-8:13a

historical confusion of Ezra - Nehemiah sources

Eskenazi suggests that this is Chronicler’s version of the Ezra story, but separate book

major addition 3:1-4:46 three bodyguards

1 Maccabees

interpretive history (not chronicle or fiction)

pro-Hasmonean

brief intro starts with Alexander

major plot from Antiochus IV through Simon Hasmonean

favorable references to Rome

turning point 2:1-28

(references to Daniel 2:59-60)

Hanukah 4:34-58

the dynasty 14:25-45

2 Maccabees

begins with letters to Egypt about dedication

condensation of lengthy history by Jason of Cyrene

strongly plays on emotions

pro-Judas Maccabeus -- but not pro Hasmoneans

resurrection promised for martyrs

epitomist's intro 2:19-32

provocation 5:5-20

3 Maccabees

setting Ptolemaic Palestine & Hellenistic Egypt

not even about Maccabees

great confusion of sources

Course notes

Luther said it would be good if history

-- but excellent as it is

similarities to Persian period revolts

-but also some to Hasmonean struggle

Judith sums up several Israeli heroines:

Exod 15; Judges 4-5, 9:53-54; 2 Sam 20:14-22

certainly superior to men around her

summary song 15:14 - 16:17

Tobit

wisdom (Ahikar) and humor

two versions of book

God rewards pious (even suffering) servants

concern for nation[s] (13-14)