Shalom: a Multifaceted Diamond

(Naming Your Fear)

 

 

April 15, 2007, Second Sunday of Easter

Acts 5:12-16   Rev 1:9-11a, 12-13, 17-19 Jn 20:19-31

To the church in the diaspora[1]

& to the church of the unchurched[2]

 

Introduction

An insensitive expression

On Easter morning Mary Magdalene went to the tomb of Jesus and found that the stone in front of it had been rolled away. She peered inside and saw that the body of Jesus was not there. So she ran to tell Peter and John. They hurried to the tomb and saw for themselves that it was empty.  Scripture says, “They saw and believed” (Jn 20:8). When the disciples left, Mary stayed behind, and Jesus suddenly appeared to her. She hurried to tell the disciples that she had seen the Lord (Jn 20:19-31).

 

That was Easter Morning. Though Peter and John saw the empty tomb and  believed, and though Mary actually encountered the risen Lord, by late evening their faith seems to have waned, and they found themselves trembling behind doors locked “for fear of the Jews” who might be out to get them as they got Jesus (Jn 20:19).

 

In an old Latin concordance of the Bible printed on parchment in Venice and dated 1618 (a prized antique of mine) I looked up the expression for fear of the Jews (in Latin propter metum Iudaeorum). It is used only three times in the whole Bible and always in the gospel of St. John. It’s used a first time when Jesus secretly went to Jerusalem to celebrate the Feast of Tents.[3]  In the crowds were some who thought highly of Jesus and others who were out to get him. “But,” John says, “no one talked openly about him for fear of the Jews” (Jn 7:13). The expression is used a second time when Joseph of Arimathea asked Pilate for permission to take the body down and bury it. Scripture says that Joseph was a secret follower of Jesus for fear of the Jews (Jn 19: 38).  And then it’s used a third time in today’s gospel, “On the evening of the first day of the week, when the doors were locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst and wished them peace” (Jn 20:19).

 

What insidious roots of anti-Semitism lurk in that expression when it is read insensitively to the Sunday assembly down through the centuries! Fear of the Jews easily and subliminally turns into hatred of them!

Two out of eight

I have a volume with eight different English translations of the New Testament from the original Greek, placed side by side for comparison. It’s helpful to read all eight versions of a particular passage to get the feel of what a certain text is trying to say.  I find that six of the eight translations of this particular text are insensitive. The official translation read at Mass this Sunday is also insensitive.  They all blatantly read that “the doors were locked for fear of the Jews.” Only two of the eight are sensitive. They read that, “the doors were locked for fear of the Jewish authorities.”  There’s a big difference between “the Jews” and “the Jewish authorities,” and it is a matter of sensitivity to be careful about that difference.

 

Fear & prisons of certainty

The gospel says that fear locked up the church behind closed doors. Fear locks things up in prisons of certainty.  Fear of the Protestant Reformation at the Council of Trent (1545-1563) locked up the church in prisons of certainty about many matters for four whole centuries. (That’s no criticism; it’s simply the old story of action and reaction and of swinging pendulums.) Then along came the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), and it unlocked doors and opened windows closed for centuries.  

 

For four hundred years fear of the Protestant Reformation which attacked the institution of the church locked the church up in a prison of certainty concerning the very nature of the church itself. That fear wrote the old seminary text books which defined the church as “a monarchical (papal) hierarchical (episcopal) society!” As a pre-Vatican II professor of theology I taught that without blinking an eyelid!  (It’s very difficult to fall in love with a monarchical hierarchical society!) Then along came Vatican II and said, “I beg your pardon. The church is not the hierarchy; the church is the People of God!” Mirabile dictu!

 

The Copernican Revolution of Vatican II

That incredible course correction in ecclesiology is written with gold ink in the Council’s most important document entitled Dogmatic Constitution[4] on the Church.[5] The bishops forged a remarkable revision of the preliminary document on the church presented to the Council for discussion and debate! The original document placed the chapter on the Hierarchy before the chapter on the People of God. The bishops wittingly or unwittingly decided to fix that egregious mistake! They switched the order of precedence. They placed the chapter on the People of God before the chapter on the Hierarchy. That was right order! But it was not as innocent as it looked. There’s nothing innocent about implying that the hierarchy exists for the People of God and not the other way round. By a vote on November 21, 1964, 2,151 bishops made that incredible course correction, the full implications of which most of them had not fully suspected.

 

That historic switch is considered to be the Copernican Revolution of Vatican II. And while there remains to this very late day a great distance between talking the talk and walking the walk, the document stands as a constant reminder of the promise which Vatican II made to the church, and it also stands as a document of the church in council judging the church today in its present condition!

 

Redeeming the promise of Vatican II

On the occasion of my dismissal from Old St. Mary, one lady wrote the following to the pastor with carbon copies to Archbishop Dolan and Bishop Sklba.

 

I am disappointed that your action shows that a very pernicious traditional modus operandi of Church leaders, whether simple priests or hierarchs, has not been discarded. That objectionable way of acting is decision-making without any consultation with those affected by the decisions.

 

What is that modus operandi that has not been discarded and of which she complains? It is placing the Hierarchy before or over the People of God. She is complaining that the promise of Vatican II to place the People of God before the Hierarchy is not being honored! She is calling for the redemption of the Council’s promise to put the Hierarchy at the service of the People of God and not  vice versa.

 

In the same letter she also complains about people who can’t see that “the church is a huge tent” which is capable of harboring many kinds of people.  She has a profound understanding of the word catholic.

 

For four hundred years fear locked up the church in prisons of certainty not only about the very nature of the church itself but also about many other ancillary issues like celibacy, birth control, homosexuality, ordination of women, etc. Whenever we lock up issues in prisons of certainty whether in the household of God or in our own houses and among our own families, we effectively remove those issues from the domain of human dialogue and spiritual discernment, and that’s no path to peace.

 

Naming our fears

It is important to name the fears that lock us up in prisons of certainty. What is the name of the fear which locks up the church in a prison of certainty that married men and even women cannot be ordained priests? What’s the name of the fear which prevents the church from revisiting the encyclical Human Vitae which declares all artificial birth control as intrinsically evil? What’s the name of the fear which prevents many bishops (who believe that artificial birth control is not intrinsically evil) from saying it publicly?

 

What’s the name of the fear which drove two skinheads to beat to a pulp Matt Shepard (a gay student from the University of Wyoming) and chain him to a wooden fence out in the country and leave him there to die in his tears and blood? What’s the name of the fear which drove the Rev. Mr. Phelps to picket Matt Shepard’s funeral and parade a sign which read, “God hates fags and buries them in hell?” What’s the name of the fear which to this very day drives this same Reverend and his gang to picket all funerals of soldiers killed in Iraq because they died for a country that countenances gays? Psychiatrists call it homophobia.

 

A presently raging fear

What is the name of the fear which at the present moment drives the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) to regard with suspicion the writings of Jesuit Fr. Jon Sobrino? At one time he was a theological adviser to Archbishop Oscar Romero of El Salvador whom rightwing social elites assassinated because of his love for the poor. Sobrino’s two books (Jesus the Liberator and Christ the Liberator)  are the writings of a priest who is dedicated to the poor of Jesus and to a church of the poor.

 

The CDF says what’s drive it is fear that Sobrino does not sufficiently emphasize the absolute uniqueness and divinity of Jesus, and that that could prove harmful to the faithful. Is that the fear which drives the CDF? Or is it also (and maybe especially) fear that Sobrino’s writings (replete with ideas of democracy and justice) will eventually challenge the structure of the church, which is a gerontocracy and aristocracy?

 

An old bumper sticker comes to mind. It reads, “God said it! I believe it! That settles it!” It’s the bumper sticker of a bible-totter. It’s the bumper sticker of one who, at heart, is filled with fear. His task is to name his fear, but very probably he never will because his very bumper-sticker conveniently dispenses him from naming it.

 

Conclusion

Shalom: a multifaceted diamond

This second Sunday of Easter might be called “Shalom Sunday.” The gospel relates how Jesus wishes his disciples Shalom (Peace) not once but three times.

 

Jesus came and stood in their midst and said to them, “Shalom!

Peace be with you.” When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his side. The disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord. Jesus said to them again, “Shalom! Peace be with you” (Jn 20:19-21)…. A week later the disciples were indoors again, and Thomas was with them. Though the doors were locked, Jesus stood in their midst and said to them, “Shalom! Peace be with you” (Jn 20:26).

 

The Hebrew word Shalom is a multifaceted diamond. It is so rich in meaning that it’s difficult to find a one-word translation to do it justice. So we often don’t translate it but simply keep it as Shalom. The seventy men who translated the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek (and gave us the bible known as the Septuagint) used twenty-five different Greek words in different contexts to express the many facets of Shalom.

In different contexts Shalom says different things, but they all have a common golden thread weaving through them. Sometimes Shalom simply says “Peace!” Sometimes Shalom says, “Stop your worrying! Everything will be OK.” Sometimes it says, “Relax! Let go and let God.” Sometimes Shalom says, “Quit your complaining! Count your blessings.” Sometimes it says, “Let go of your anger or your hate! It’ll only poison your soul.” If you’re trembling with fear behind locked doors Shalom says, “Don’t be afraid!”

To a church which tackles easy issues like  washing the dishes after Mass but fears to tackle difficult issues like celibacy, artificial birth control, divorce, homosexuality and especially the acute shortage of priests, Jesus says (or rather commands) “Shalom! Peace to you popes and bishops! Don’t be afraid to tackle the hard stuff!” To those who fear the writings of honest people and the harm that they might cause the faithful Jesus says (or rather commands) “Shalom! Peace to you scholarly protectors of the faith. Don’t be afraid! The uniqueness and divinity of Jesus are powerful enough to protect themselves!”

There are those who fear Call to Action Catholics, and who wish to purge the temple of them with a whip of cords (Jn 2:15). There are also those who fear Tredentine Catholics locked up in their prisons of certainty, and who wish to purge the temple of them with a whip of cords. To both Jesus says (or rather commands) “Shalom! Peace to you! The church is like the house of Jesus’ Father in heaven: it is `a huge tent’ in which there is much room for everyone” (Jn 14:2).

Shalom is a multifaceted diamond. On this Shalom Sunday Jesus bids us to choose the facet we need.

 

 



[1] Diaspora is a Greek word meaning dispersion. Originally it referred to the settling of scattered colonies of Jews outside Palestine after the Babylonian exile. It’s now come to mean the migration or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland or parish!

[2] By  the “the unchurched” is especially meant  not those who have left the church but those whom the church has left!

 

 

[3] It’s a harvest feast. During harvest time the Israelites lived in tents.

[4] A Dogmatic Constitution is the most solemn form of  teaching of an  Ecumenical Council.

[5] Also known from its opening words as Lumen Gentium --The Light of the Nations.