The Baptism of Magdi Cristiano Allam

 

 

The Vigil of Easter, March 22, 2008

 

At the Easter vigil on Saturday, March 22, 2008, in the great Basilica of Saint Peter in Rome, Pope Benedict baptized Magdi Allam (a convert from Islam) together with six other men and women from four continents. The pope baptized him “Magdi Cristiano Allam.” Very few realized the momentousness of that event. Very few realized what a towering figure was being baptized in that almost frail-looking man. Very few realized also what courage that baptism demanded on the part of both Allam and the Pope himself.

 

Allam’s early years

Allam was born in Egypt on April 22, 1952, and raised by Muslim parents. His mother Safeya was  a believing and practicing Muslim, but his father Muhammad was completely secular and agreed with the majority of Egyptians who took the West as a model. At age four, his mother entrusted him to the care of Sister Lavinia of the Comboni Missionary Sisters, and later he was sent to a Catholic boarding school in Egypt - the Institute of Don Bosco - for junior high and high school. There he was exposed to Western culture and civilization. There he grew up in a vibrant and multicultural Cairo which was a "colorful, pluralistic and tolerant city where girls wore miniskirts and boys sported Beatles haircuts." In 1972 he moved to Italy and enrolled in La Sapienza University in Rome and there earned a degree in sociology. He became an Italian citizen in 1986.

 

 Allam praised Islam

Allam started his journalistic career at the communist newspaper Il Manifesto. For the longest time he maintained the position that Islam was perfectly compatible with Western civilization and values. In a meeting with high school students, broadcast on Italian public television RAI, he declared:

 

Islam itself is not a menace, it is not synomymous with conservatism. As a religion it  is not  incompatible with progress and freedom; absolutely not! Islam is a faith which, in a moderate interpretation, is absolutely compatible with the values shared by the Italian civil society and the Italian Constitution.

 

Furthermore, Allam scorned the idea that Muslims were somehow "invading" Italy:

 

The largest majority of Muslims are moderate, and many of them are secular. According to the numbers provided by the Muslim organizations in Italy, no more than 3 to 5% of Muslims in Italy even go to the mosque…. There is, indeed, a radical Islam which believes that Islam should be imposed via violent means. But this is an absolutely irrelevant fringe, quantified in Italy circa 3 to 4 % of the Muslims, and remember,  there are overall only 600,000 Muslims in Italy -- 600,000 in a country of 57 millions. Clearly to talk of a risk of Muslim invasion or of a Muslim menace does not make any sense.

 

Allam berates Islam

With time Allam changed his views radically. The change began with the apocalyptic event of 9/11, 2001, when Islamic terrorists in the name of Allah flew two 747s as weapons of mass destruction into the Twin Towers in Lower Manhattan, murdering three thousand innocent human beings. By the end of 2002, Allam abruptly assumed virtually opposite opinions on most  issues related to Islam and Middle-East. In his book Viva Israele! [Long Live Israel!] he  staunchly supports Israel, arguing against the formula "territories for peace" which he had championed for more than 25 years. He accused Italy and the West of ignoring the dangers of an imminent "Islamization" of the society, and a possible Jihad in Europe. Allam’s themes and styles now paralleled  those of another popular anti-immigration and anti-islamic activist of the time - the famous Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci. Both authors would extensively refer very positively to each other in their writings. For example, Allam refers many times to Fallaci in his I love Italy, but do Italians Love her?

In 2003,  Allam joined the more conservative, Milan-based Corriere della Sera, one of Italy's oldest newspapers, as deputy director of the newspaper. In his writings since 2003, he has infuriated many Muslims and non-Muslims alike when he berates "the Islamization of society."  Because he vigorously berates Islam as “physiologically violent and historically conflictual," Allam has been the object of death threats. For five years he has lived under the protection of an armed guard provided by the Italian government, and he lives in a secret location in the north of Rome, with his wife Valentina and their little son Davide.

As a journalist, he made a great impact with two of his articles published in 2003. In the first, Allam reproduced the sermon delivered on Friday, June 6 of that year, in the Grand Mosque of Rome by Egyptian imam Abdel-Samie Mahmoud Ibrahim Moussa. In the second, he translated from the Arabic the sermons of imams from six other Italian mosques. Almost all glorified suicide terrorism and incited hatred toward the West and toward Israel. Following the first article, the Egyptian government summoned the imam who had delivered the sermon back to his country.

Allam defends Pope Benedict

In the year 2000 Pope John Paul II apologized to Muslims for the violence committed against them in the name of Christianity. With Pope Benedict, however, the atmosphere has changed. On the day of his installation, he welcomed fellow Catholics, other Christians and Jews but not Muslims. Two months later when asked whether he considered Islam a religion of peace, he said, "Certainly there are elements that favor peace. It also has other elements." Some believe that with Benedict the era of appeasement under Pope John Paul is over, and that the era of a subtle, discreet, yet firm confrontation with Islam has begun.

 

Perhaps it  began in earnest on  Sept. 12, 2006, when Benedict gave a lecture in Regensburg University in Germany, which dealt at length with the crisis of faith among Christians and only momentarily with a remark about  Islam and  its relationship with violence. In that momentary remark the pope quoted from a medieval text recounting a conversation between a 14th century Byzantine Christian Emperor and a Persian scholar. Benedict’s quote of the emperor’s words, which caused a tumultuous uproar in the Muslim world, is as follows:

 

Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached.

 

Some experts believe Benedict’s quote was not a misspeak but rather that it  intended to deal more squarely with the Muslim world. Some believe the pope increasingly feels that confrontation with extreme Islamists is a critical moment in history demanding the Vatican's moral authority.

 

The Pope’s momentary quote caused the Muslim world to rise up in arms.  Turkey's ruling party likened him to Hitler and Mussolini and accused him of reviving the mentality of the Crusades. But German Chancellor Angela Merkel was quoted as saying, ”Whoever criticizes the Pope misunderstood the aim of his speech…. What Benedict XVI emphasized was a decisive and uncompromising renunciation of all forms of violence in the name of religion"  Not only Angela Merkel but also Magdi Allam came to Benedict’s defense with his commentaries on Benedict’s lecture in Regensburg.

 

Allam  says two experiences accelerated his path to  conversion. The first was when he found himself escorted under armed guard because of threats from Islamic extremists. That forced  him to reflect on Islam as a religion. The second experience was his opportunity to encounter ordinary Catholics — and one extraordinary Catholic -- Pope Benedict himself. Allam said, “I am proud to have been one of the few Muslims in Italy working for a national newspaper which stood firm in defending the Pope after his discourse in Regensburg on Sept. 12, 2006. I did not only defend him in the name of freedom of expression, I also defended the content of what he said, believing that it corresponded to the truth on a historical and scientific level.”

Academia & even a churchly camp berate Allam

On account of his positions, Allam has borne strong hostility not only on the part of Muslims, but also of intellectuals from Italy and Europe. In the summer of 2007, about 200 professors of various universities, including the Catholic University of Milan, signed a letter against him, accusing him of intolerance. Not only in the intellectual camp but also in the churchly camp some are distrustful of Allam. After his article denouncing the sermon of the imam of Rome, the president of the pontifical council for inter-religious dialogue at the time, Archbishop Michael L. Fitzgerald, complained that "this kind of activity runs the risk of compromising dialogue."

Allam, in turn, berates the churchly camp. He reacted to a speech by the Archbishop  of Cantebury, Rowan Williams, who raised the suggestion that Muslims in Britain should be allowed to have their own courts in matters of family law, similar to the situation of Jews in Britain. Allam wrote that “By leaning on the 'politically correct' and by allowing Muslims to have their own courts, a mixture is installed that can unbalance the country and overthrow constitutional order.”

 

Despite his earlier writings about the importance of inter-faith dialogue, Allam has refused to endorse the famous A Common Word Between Us and You - a 29-page public letter sent in October 2007 from 138 Muslim leaders from 43 countries to Pope Benedict XVI and other Christian leaders urging peace and dialogue.


Allam has also repeatedly criticized the fear of the church in Muslim countries to baptize (where apostasy is sometimes punished with death) and the practice of the church in Christian countries to keep converts from Islam secret. With the baptism administered publicly to him by the Pope at the Easter vigil in St. Peter’s Basilica in conspectu omnium,  Allam hopes that the  catacomb days can be left behind.

The baptism – an in-your- face display?

With his baptism – and with confirmation and communion immediately afterward – Allam took "Cristiano" as his second name. The news traveled immediately around the world. The Muslim media was angry at Allam for his traitorous conversion from Islam to Christianity, and equally angry at Pope Benedict for his triumphalistic (in your face) baptism of Allam in the great Basilica of St. Peter and at a peak moment in the church’s liturgical year – the Vigil of Easter.  The international daily newspaper Al Quds al Arabi wrote: "The pope provokes the indignation of Muslims by baptizing an Egyptian journalist who attacks Islam and defends Israel." Another newspaper claimed that Allam had added more fuel to the fire of the so-called clash of civilizations.

 

Even some in the churchly camp joined the rumble, maintaining  that the baptism could have been done less spectacularly, sub secreto even, by some lay deacon in some subterraneous crypt, with which Rome abounds. Others see Benedict’s very public baptism of a very high-profile and controversial Muslim during the Easter Vigil as a symbolic statement of solidarity with many Muslim converts to Christianity around the world who out of fear keep their conversion a secret. They see Benedict’s refusal to choreograph the baptism with less fanfare and with more “humility” as revealing an important wrinkle in Benedict’s personality — a stubborn indifference to the canons of political correctness.

 

The baptism – a deep loss!

Banafsheh Zand-Bonazzi, a well known Iranian political activist  living in New York City, bewails Allam's conversion as a deep loss. She writes,

I love and respect all those whose faiths makes them better people, who are principled, righteous, and truly tolerant, just like Magdi, who is one of the sweetest and almost saintly people I know. But I feel a loss for us secular and liberal Muslims because his voice, fighting from within Islam, has a kind of intense impact: first, in terms of his stance toward the diabolical Islamo-imperialists; then, in terms of those who remain Muslim and are liberal and dare not speak out for fear of reprisal from the diabolical Islamists; and finally, for those westerners (non-Muslims) who absolutely refuse to believe that Islamo-imperialists are the biggest threat to modernity and liberal life . . . So, of course, speaking from within the faith in order to have an impact—and I'm glad that he stayed till the tender age of 56, but still—his voice has been a darn valuable one, and that's what makes it a loss for us liberal Muslims around the world who need pioneering voices such as Magdi's.

The baptism --  a risky undertaking

Allam’s announcement to Fr. Gabriele Mangiarotti, that he wanted to become a Catholic immediately worried the priest. After all, Magdi was already at risk from Islamic extremists, and the Italian government has had to assign bodyguards to protect him. His baptism would only greatly increase the risk. It would provoke a wave of protests and threats from major Islamic associations around the world, both moderate (according to Allam, though, there is no such thing) and radical. But Allam, who certainly knew that his conversion would put him at even greater risk, said to Mangiarotti, "Don’t worry about me. Worry about the Pope."

 

When white smoke appeared from an unpretentious Vatican chimney on April 19, 2005, announcing that a new pope  had been elected in the person of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, some and maybe many of the faithful labeled as “left of center” stood in dismal unbelief. I was one of them. Since that day I have waited for  Pope Benedict to do something truly  courageous, like  summoning the church to address the issue of  married priests or  even women priests.  Benedict has chosen his own form of courage: confronting Islamic extremism. Though he does it lovingly and gently (as in the baptism of Allam) his life is at risk. That’s why Allam said to Fr. Mangiarotti,  "Don’t worry about me. Worry about the Pope."   

 

Italian born Sandro Magister, a theologian and journalist, writes,

 

What I think people are starting to realize when it comes to His Holiness is that he is, indeed, “old school,” but he is “old school”  in that he is not afraid, and he is not afraid because he believes! Sure, everyone assumes that the pope is probably going to believe in God and all that, but I think that Benedict is willing to seriously engage Islam and risk all the consequences precisely because he believes in two things: in the end the Church will prevail, and. Martyrdom is not only noble and holy, but it is also not obsolete.

 

Epilogue

The baptism according to Allam

On the day after his baptism, in a letter sent to the director of the Italian newspaper  Corriere della Sera, Paolo Mieli, Magdi Cristiano Allam tells the story of the interior journey that brought him to choose conversion to Catholicism.

 

Dear Director,

 

That which I am about to relate to you concerns my choice of religious faith and personal life in which I do not wish to involve in any way the Corriere della Sera, which it has been an honor to be a part of as deputy director ad personam since 2003. I write you thus as protagonist of the event, as private citizen.

 

Yesterday evening I converted to the Christian Catholic religion, renouncing my previous Islamic faith. Thus, I finally saw the light, by divine grace -- the healthy fruit of a long, matured gestation, lived in suffering and joy, together with intimate reflection and conscious and manifest expression. I am especially grateful to his holiness Pope Benedict XVI, who imparted the sacraments of Christian initiation to me, baptism, confirmation and Eucharist, in the Basilica of St. Peter’s during the course of the solemn celebration of the Easter Vigil. And I took the simplest and most explicit Christian name: “Cristiano.” Since yesterday evening therefore my name is Magdi Crisitano Allam.

 

For me it is the most beautiful day of my life. To acquire the gift of the Christian faith during the commemoration of Christ’s resurrection by the hand of the Holy Father is, for a believer, an incomparable and inestimable privilege. At almost 56 […], it is a historical, exceptional and unforgettable event, which marks a radical and definitive turn with respect to the past. The miracle of Christ’s resurrection reverberated through my soul, liberating it from the darkness in which the preaching of hatred and intolerance in the face of the “different,” uncritically condemned as “enemy,” were privileged over love and respect of “neighbor,” who is always, as in every case, “person”; thus, as my mind was freed from the obscurantism of an ideology that legitimates lies and deception, violent death that leads to murder and suicide, the blind submission to tyranny, I was able to adhere to the authentic religion of truth, of life and of freedom.

 

On my first Easter as a Christian I not only discovered Jesus, I discovered for the first time the face of the true and only God, who is the God of faith and reason. My conversion to Catholicism is the touching down of a gradual and profound interior meditation from which I could not pull myself away, given that for five years I have been confined to a life under guard, with permanent surveillance at home and a police escort for my every movement, because of death threats and death sentences from Islamic extremists and terrorists, both those in and outside of Italy.

 

I had to ask myself about the attitude of those who publicly declared fatwas, Islamic juridical verdicts, against me -- I who was a Muslim -- as an “enemy of Islam,” “hypocrite because he is a Coptic Christian who pretends to be a Muslim to do damage to Islam,” “liar and vilifier of Islam,” legitimating my death sentence in this way. I asked myself how it was possible that those who, like me, sincerely and boldly called for a “moderate Islam,” assuming the responsibility of exposing themselves in the first person in denouncing Islamic extremism and terrorism, ended up being sentenced to death in the name of Islam on the basis of the Quran. I was forced to see that, beyond the contingency of the phenomenon of Islamic extremism and terrorism that has appeared on a global level, the root of evil is inherent in an Islam that is physiologically violent and historically conflictive. [Underlining mine]

 

At the same time providence brought me to meet practicing Catholics of good will who, in virtue of their witness and friendship, gradually became a point of reference in regard to the certainty of truth and the solidity of values. To begin with, among so many friends from Communion and Liberation, I will mention Father Juliŕn Carrňn; and then there were simple religious such as Father Gabriele Mangiarotti, Sister Maria Gloria Riva, Father Carlo Maurizi and Father Yohannis Lahzi Gaid; there was rediscovery of the Salesians thanks to Father Angelo Tengattini and Father Maurizio Verlezza, which culminated in a renewed friendship with major rector Father Pascual Chavez Villanueva; there was the embrace of top prelates of great humanity like Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Monsignor Luigi Negri, Giancarlo Vecerrica, Gino Romanazzi and, above all, Monsignor Rino Fisichella, who personally accompanied me in the journey of spiritual acceptance of the Christian faith.

 

But undoubtedly the most extraordinary and important encounter in my decision to convert was that with Pope Benedict XVI, whom I admired and defended as a Muslim for his mastery in setting down the indissoluble link between faith and reason as a basis for authentic religion and human civilization, and to whom I fully adhere as a Christian to inspire me with new light in the fulfillment of the mission God has reserved for me.

 

Mine was a journey that began when at four years old, my mother Safeya -- a believing and practicing Muslim -- in the first in the series of “fortuitous events” that would prove to be not at all the product of chance but rather an integral part of a divine destiny to which all of us have been assigned -- entrusted me to the loving care of Sister Lavinia of the Comboni Missionary Sisters, convinced of the goodness of the education that would be imparted by the Catholic and Italian religious, who had come to Cairo, the city of my birth, to witness to their Christian faith through a work aimed at the common good. I thus began an experience of life in boarding school, followed by the Salesians of the Institute of Don Bosco in junior high and high school, which transmitted to me not only the science of knowledge but above all the awareness of values.

 

It is thanks to members of Catholic religious orders that I acquired a profoundly and essentially an ethical conception of life, in which the person created in the image and likeness of God is called to undertake a mission that inserts itself in the framework of a universal and eternal design directed toward the interior resurrection of individuals on this earth and the whole of humanity on the day of judgment, which is founded on faith in God and the primacy of values, which is based on the sense of individual responsibility and on the sense of duty toward the collective. It is in virtue of a Christian education and of the sharing of the experience of life with Catholic religious that I cultivated a profound faith in the transcendent dimension and also sought the certainty of truth in absolute and universal values.

 

There was a time when my mother’s loving presence and religious zeal brought me closer to Islam, which I occasionally practiced at a cultural level and in which I believed at a spiritual level according to an interpretation that at the time -- it was the 1970s -- summarily corresponded to a faith respectful of persons and tolerant toward the neighbor, in a context -- that of the Nasser regime -- in which the secular principle of the separation of the religious sphere and the secular sphere prevailed.

 

My father Muhammad was completely secular and agreed with the opinion of the majority of Egyptians who took the West as a model in regard to individual freedom, social customs and cultural and artistic fashions, even if the political totalitarianism of Nasser and the bellicose ideology of Pan-Arabism that aimed at the physical elimination of Israel unfortunately led to disaster for Egypt and opened the way to the resumption of Pan-Islamism, to the ascent of Islamic extremists to power and the explosion of globalized Islamic terrorism.

 

The long years at school allowed me to know Catholicism well and up close and the women and men who dedicated their life to serve God in the womb of the Church. Already then I read the Bible and the Gospels and I was especially fascinated by the human and divine figure of Jesus. I had a way to attend Holy Mass and it also happened, only once, that I went to the altar to receive communion. It was a gesture that evidently signaled my attraction to Christianity and my desire to feel a part of the Catholic religious community.

Then, on my arrival in Italy at the beginning of the 1970s between the rivers of student revolts and the difficulties of integration, I went through a period of atheism understood as a faith, which nevertheless was also founded on absolute and universal values. I was never indifferent to the presence of God even if only now I feel that the God of love, of faith and reason reconciles himself completely with the patrimony of values that are rooted in me.

 

Dear Director, you asked me whether I fear for my life, in the awareness that conversion to Christianity will certainly procure for me yet another, and much more grave, death sentence for apostasy. You are perfectly right. I know what I am headed for but I face my destiny with my head held high, standing upright and with the interior solidity of one who has the certainty of his faith. And I will be more so after the courageous and historical gesture of the Pope, who, as soon has he knew of my desire, immediately agreed to personally impart the Christian sacraments of initiation to me. His Holiness has sent an explicit and revolutionary message to a Church that until now has been too prudent in the conversion of Muslims, abstaining from proselytizing in majority Muslim countries and keeping quiet about the reality of converts in Christian countries. Out of fear. The fear of not being able to protect converts in the face of their being condemned to death for apostasy and fear of reprisals against Christians living in Islamic countries. Well, today Benedict XVI, with his witness, tells us that we must overcome fear and not be afraid to affirm the truth of Jesus even with Muslims.

 

For my part, I say that it is time to put an end to the abuse and the violence of Muslims who do not respect the freedom of religious choice. In Italy there are thousands of converts to Islam who live their new faith in peace. But there are also thousands of Muslim converts to Christianity who are forced to hide their faith out of fear of being assassinated by Islamic extremists who lurk among us. By one of those “fortuitous events” that evoke the discreet hand of the Lord, the first article that I wrote for the Corriere on Sept. 3, 2003 was entitled “The new Catacombs of Islamic Converts.” It was an investigation of recent Muslim converts to Christianity in Italy who decry their profound spiritual and human solitude in the face of absconding state institutions that do not protect them and the silence of the Church itself. Well, I hope that the Pope’s historical gesture and my testimony will lead to the conviction that the moment has come to leave the darkness of the catacombs and to publicly declare their desire to be fully themselves. If in Italy, in our home, the cradle of Catholicism, we are not prepared to guarantee complete religious freedom to everyone, how can we ever be credible when we denounce the violation of this freedom elsewhere in the world? I pray to God that on this special Easter he give the gift of the resurrection of the spirit to all the faithful in Christ who have until now been subjugated by fear. Happy Easter to everyone.

 

Dear friends, let us go forward on the way of truth, of life and of freedom with my best wishes for every success and good thing.

Magdi Cristiano Allam