Restoring the Vineyard

 

Introduction

An O. T. love story…

The first reading today is really a love story. A farmer spares no effort to construct a marvelous vineyard for himself. He buys a fertile piece of land on a hillside. (If you’ve ever traveled through Italy the most outstanding features of the landscape are those marvelous vineyards and olive groves climbing gently over rolling hillsides. The sunny side of the hills brings out the best in them.) The farmer proceeds to clear  away the stones, he spades up the earth and then goes in search of a good stock of vine which he carefully plants and in due time skillfully prunes.  Then he builds an imposing watchtower to guard his beloved vineyard from poachers, and he finishes it off with a wine press. There the harvesters will stomp from the grapes the nectar of human celebration (Is 5:1-7).  It’s a love story between a farmer and his vineyard. As parable, it’s a love story between the Lord of hosts and the people of Israel. As the farmer loves his vineyard so the Lord loves his people, Israel.

 

…gone sour

But it’s a love story that turns sour. When it’s time for harvesting, he finds only small bitter wild grapes instead of big sweet juicy ones. Terribly disappointed and broken hearted he cries out, “People of Jerusalem and Judah, judge between me and my vineyard: Is there anything I failed to do for her? Then why has she produced only sour wild grapes for me?”

 

Deeply angered over his unrequited love, he decides to break up the love affair. To his once beloved vineyard he says, “Let me tell you what I am going to do to you now. I’m going to tear down the hedge I built to protect you. I’m going to expose you now to every wandering animal looking for food, and they will trample you under foot. I’m no longer going to carefully prune you, but I will let you become overgrown and fall under your own weight, and then the thorns and thistles will take over and finish you off. And I’m going to pray to high heaven that the clouds don’t rain upon you” (Is 5: 5-6). The parable is about a love story gone sour. It’s about the people of Israel who have deeply disappointed their Lord.

 

In the responsorial psalm that people, struck with compunction, cry out saying, “Lord of hosts, look down from heaven at us; come and save us your people. Come and save the grapevine your right hand has planted. …O Lord of hosts, restore us, your vineyard. Let your face like the warm sun shine upon us vines and we shall grow strong again and produce  a rich harvest of sweet grapes for you” (Ps 80, vs. 14,15,17).

 

A N.T. love story…

As the Old Testament is a love story between God and his people so also the New Testament is a love story between Christ and his people, between Christ and his church.

 

To the question what is the church, the old catechism used to answer: It is a monarchical (pope) hierarchical (bishops) society united by the profession of the same faith, by participation in the seven sacraments and by obedience to the bishops, especially the Bishop of Rome.” How in the world can you fall in love with a monarchical hierarchical society! As a professor of theology, I taught that answer for many years as full gospel truth without ever batting an eyelash, right up to the very eve of Vatican II, October 11, 1962.

 

In the most important document of the council (Lumen Gentium), the church, after two thousand years of existence, finally asked herself, “Who in the world am I?” It’s not an idle question because who you are indicates what you should be doing in the modern world. Vatican II decided to distance itself for a moment from the old catechism answer (the “monarchical hierarchical” answer) as not being very imaginative or inspirational, and especially as not being very scriptural. It chose, instead, to line up a number of scriptural images for the church.

 

The church is a sheepfold and Jesus is the door to that sheepfold (Jn 10:1-10). Or the church is an edifice, a building, a house. Paul writes, “You are God’s building and God has placed Jesus Christ as its foundation…” (I Cor 3: 9, 11). Or the church is the bride of Christ. Again Paul writes, “Husbands love your wives as Christ loved the church and gave his life for her” (Eph 5:25).

 

Finally the Council lists today’s image of vineyard.  It cites both our first reading from Isaiah (5: 1-7) and the gospel from Matthew (21: 33-43).   Here the document reads, “The church has been cultivated and pruned by the heavenly Vinedresser, Jesus, as his beloved vineyard” (Lumen Gentium, no. 6). Sheepfold, edifice, bride, vineyard – they’re all scriptural images for the church with which you can have a love affair.

 

…gone sour

But just as the vineyard of old (the people of Israel) disappointed Yahweh, so too the church from time to time disappoints Christ.

In the 13th century, when the church had reached marvelous heights of splendor in philosophy, theology, art and architecture, the vineyard of the Lord started to fall into ruin simply because splendor corrupts. One day in the 23rd year of his life in 1205, St. Francis of Assisi (whose feast-day is this coming Tuesday, October 4) was praying before a crucifix in a rickety little chapel of San Damiano. As he was asking the Lord what he wanted from him, he thought he heard a voice from the crucifix saying “Restore my church.” Literal man that he was, Francis thought the voice was speaking about the dilapidated little chapel.  So he proceeded to restore it with mortar and brick. As destiny was to prove, the voice was calling him to restore the vineyard of the Lord Jesus—his church.

 

In the 16th century, Luther nailed his complaint against the church to the doors of the Wittenberg Cathedral and fired the first shot of the Protestant Revolution. In response the church summoned the Council of Trent (1545-1563) to restore the Lord’s vineyard fallen into ruin.

 

Four centuries later, the cardinals elected Pope John XXIII in late 1958. That wise and loving man saw the Lord’s vineyard and house again overgrown with thorns and thistles. In January of 1959 John announced his intention to summon the church to Vatican II (1962-19650) to restore the vineyard of the Lord.

 

Believe it or not, in such an incredibly short time since Vatican II, the Lord’s vineyard and house is again in need of restoration. That shouldn’t surprise us; restoration is an eternal process. House owners know well that a house is always in need of restoration.  Once you stop restoring your house, it starts to fall into ruin. Vatican II is not the end of restoration; it’s just the beginning. That’s an exciting idea. The greatest disservice done to the people of God in times past was to tell them that the true church never changes. The true church always changes because it’s always alive. What never changes is dead.

 

A momentous act of restoration

A momentous act of restoration of the Lord’s vineyard and house took place a week ago yesterday. In a dramatic gesture of reconciliation, Pope Benedict met with a former colleague of his. With time that colleague had become his arch-enemy. He is the Swiss German Catholic theologian Father Hans Küng. The meeting took place in the Pope’s summer residence at Castel Gondolfo, a few miles south of Rome.

 

It was a reunion of old friends who had taught together at the famous Catholic University of Tübingen in Germany during the 1960s. In fact, it was Fr. Hans Küng who urged the university to hire the then Fr Joseph Ratzinger. The two served together as theological experts for the German bishops at Vatican II. At Tübingen they had a standing weekly dinner appointment on Thursday evenings to discuss a journal they edited together.

 

But with time they parted company, and Küng eventually became Ratizinger’s arch-enemy and nemesis. In 1979, he was stripped of the right to teach Catholic theology by Pope John Paul II because he challenged Roman Catholic teaching about papal infallibility. It was known that Ratizinger as a member of the German Bishops’ conference played an important role in that revocation. From that time on Küng was a staunch critic of Ratgzinger’s doctrinal positions and his methods of policing the church.

 

The animosity between the two grew to a high pitch. When another German Catholic theologian at odds with Ratizinger, a man by the name of Johann Baptist Metz, celebrated his 70th birthday in 1997 with a symposium, Archbishop Ratzinger was on the program. As it turned out, the two men actually spoke rather fondly of one another.  That infuriated Küng and he bitterly remarked, “It is astonishing and a deep scandal that Metz would offer that Grand Inquisitor a forum. He is the chief authority of the Inquisitorial office. It ‘s like having a general conversation about human rights with the head of the KGB!”

 

With such an arch enemy, Pope Benedict graciously met a week ago last Saturday, Sept. 24, 2005. Shortly after his election on April 19, 2005, Küng, a German theologian, requested a meeting with Benedict, a German pope. He had repeatedly requested a meeting with his predecessor, Pope John Paul II, but no response was ever given. Küng tells us that Benedict responded almost immediately. A date was set when he would be in a more relaxed setting at his summer residence at Castel Gandolfo, a few miles south of Rome.

 

During a four-hour session that stretched over dinner, the two men essentially agreed to disagree on doctrinal matters. Back home in Germany,  Küng said, “The things we have in common are more fundamental. We both are Christians, both priests in the service of the church, and we have personal respect of one another.” He also said his meeting with Benedict was “very joyful,” with “no reproaches, no polemics.” It was a “sign of mutual respect” and “a step forward.”

 

Conclusion

His promise to listen

That indeed was a momentous act of restoration of the Lord’s vineyard overgrown with theological thorns and thistles. That, indeed, was a momentous act of restoration of the Lord’s house, whose bricks and stones are held together not by theology but by the bond of charity (Eph 4:3).

 

That encounter bodes well. It gives us heart. In his inauguration homily Benedict promised us saying, “My program of governance will be to listen….” He’s keeping his promise.  If Benedict has so much spiritual power within himself as to be able to listen to a man who is his arch-enemy, and who tells him, the pope, he’s not as infallible as he thinks he is, then Benedict has the spiritual power also to listen to you and me (who are his friends) and who want to help him in restoring the vineyard of the Lord.