Every part of a woman's body is affected by pregnancy, including the teeth and gums. Most commonly, women experience increased gingivitis (gum disease) beginning in the second or third month of pregnancy, which increases in severity through the eighth month and begins to decrease in the ninth month. This condition, known as pregnancy gingivitis, includes swelling, bleeding and redness in the gum tissue in response to only small amounts of plaque or calculus.

A history of good oral health will certainly help gestating women through pregnancy. During this time, seek regular professional cleanings to remove irritants and continue a diligent homecare rountine that includes brushing and flossing.

Studies show that a mother-to-be's nutrition is important to the baby's oral and facial development. Thus, a pregnant woman's diet should include sufficient amounts of nutrients, particularly vitamins A, C and D; protein, calcium; and phosphorous.

A recent study indicates that infections in the gums of pregnant women may lead to seven times greater risk of delivering a low birth weight, premature baby. The study results suggest that untreated periodontal disease may account for a large share of premature births for which no other explanation can be found.

Specialists at the New York College of Dentistry recommended that pregnant women see a dentist to evaluate gum health. Women, they said, should pay special attention to any infection in the gums during pregnancy.