There are a number of different mouthwashes and rinses on the market. In general, however, they can be organized by their function. Some mouthwashes fight the accumulation of plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) and reduce gingivitis; some fight cavaties, and others fight bad breath.

• Antiplaque/antigingivitis mouthrinses kill the bacteria that produce plaque. These rinses may be particularly helpful for people with gingivitis.
• Flouride mouthrinses help fight decay by making the enamel more resistant to cavities. These mouthrinses are used after brushing with a flouride toothpaste. They are particularly useful for adults who have receding gums, eat a diet high in sugars and carbohydrates or who have problems with a dry mouth. People who have low saliva flow due to illness or medications are more prone to cavaties. Saliva contains antibacterial agents and help rinse away food particles.
• Mouthwashes for bad breath contain flavorings that camouflage bad breath. Some claim to contain ingredients that kill bacteria. They reduce the odor for about 10 minutes to an hour. If you must constantly use a breath freshner to hide bad breath, see your dentist. Bad breath can be a sign of gum disease or, at times, systemic disease.

On another note, you may have noticed that some mouthrinses cause a painful or burning sensation. Researchers noted in the May Journal of Periodontal Research that mouthrinses containing high concentrations of alcohol may cause oral pain. The authors, who studied 25 mouthrinses, found that patients who used mouthrinses with concentrations of ethanol higher than 10 percent reported pain. They also found that the amount of pain patients reported increased with higher concentrations of alcohol.

When choosing mouthrinses or other dental products, remember to look for the American Dental Associations Seal of Acceptance. Products that receive the seal must undergo strict testing for safety and effectiveness. Advertising and claims made on the labels must be accurate in what they say and imply.