End of Exile

setting in Babylon
    neglect of Babylon by Nabonidus
    rise of Cyrus the Persian over Medes
    attitudes of some Jews in Babylon
        Psalm 137

Isaiah 40-55  (Deutero-Isaiah)

[Title Slide]
relationship to rest of Isaiah
	   different literary style
	   sometimes said no prediction
	   no references to Isaiah's times
	   presumed setting of author
	continues Isaiah emphases
	   (Holy One of Israel, David, etc)
	some earlier chapters possibly really based on DI
	   (35, 27, etc)

the "call" of Second Isaiah
    40:1-11
    49:1-7  (the servant)

themes from "call" picked up in last chapter  55

fall of Babylon  43:14-21
Cyrus the chosen  45:1-7
	cf Ezra 1:1-4  (6:1-5)
	cf Cyrus Cylinder (ANE 206-208 DOTT 92-94)

place of Israel
	41:2-10 (compare to Cyrus)
	49:1-7 (light to nations)
contrast of YHWH to idols 	40:12-24 

servant (of the Lord)
	   poems and individual verses
	   identifications:
		Israel, prophet, Cyrus, messiah, etc
	42:1-9
	52:13 - 53:12

Trito-Isaiah (56-66)
	 Second Isaiah gone to Palestine?
	    later prophets/poets from the tradition?
          at least some assume settled in Palestine

	 a place for foreigners  56:1-8
          contrast Ezra-Nehemiah
	 the true fasting   58:1-12
	 downgrading of temple & cult 66:1-4
          contrast Chronicles, Malachi

Haggai, Zecharia, & Malachi

background
	Ezra 5:1-17; 6:13-15

Haggai
	to build the temple 1:1-6
	Zerubbabel as ring 2:20-23

Zechariah
	unquestioned chapters 1-8

	Joshua and Zerubbabel
	   3:1 - 4:10a
	      notice tampered text 6:9-14
	      4:15 speaks of those afar coming to
			build temple
			what about those in land?

	fasts to joy 7:1-7; 8:18-23
	   	note call for justice
	place of the nations
	   	2:6-12

    result is
		priesthood in place
		temple built (although sad to old-timers)

    separate un-named oracles 
		begin chapter 9
		may include Malachi
Malachi
	who is he?
		1:1; 3:1
	dissatisfaction
	   	lack of justice & faithfulness 2:13-17
	   	cultic sloppiness 1:6-14; 2:4-9
	God's promised provisions
	   	messenger of covenant 3:1-4
	   	burning day / Elijah 4:1-6 (3:19-24)