Don’s “Interesting” Definitions

This web page describes some of the many terms & acronyms that I have encountered over a number of years spent working in GE’s Quality, Engineering, & Finance areas. Enjoy!!

Note: GE-specific links, advice & “internals” (click here* to view) require that you to be inside the firewall…

Definitions tagged with a “chuckle icon”, ;-), are my Personal Viewpoint – please treat them as such!

As you read these perspectives, try to keep these two thoughts in mind…

Insight, Untested & Unsupported, is an Insufficient Guarantee of Truth

Bertrand Russell, Mysticism and Logic, 1929; quoted in a Guide to Critical Thinking

“Foolish Consistency is the Hobgoblin of Little Minds

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Essay II—Self-Reliance, 1841

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Definitions
Links here connect you to other GE Web pages

1-click Index: A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


Links here connect to other definitions; if flagged with “*”, links go to IntraNet web pages

 

 

Account Code

These all changed when we moved to Oracle... Using the wrong codes to purchase items can wreak havoc with your business finance team & manager! Account codes are part of the 40-digit purchase codes & are different from purchase categories; see GEMSBuy for details

 

 

Assignment

Work established for a Project or for a Feature, performed by one Person or several People for predictable delivery at a program Integration Step, or for delivery at a Milestone

 

 

Acronym

There are any number of AcronymWebster lists around GEHC… Ed Chao captured a summary list of interesting & useful CT Acronyms*…view a more extensive but less detailed (& now virtually extinct!) GEMSE HR list*

See one of the many Acronym* external sources also

 

 

BPR

The legacy Budget Performance Report (aka Budget Planning Report or Budget Prediction Report) was both a Financial planning/prediction tool and a report that was part of the financial backbone of CT Engineering, despite the system changes to digitization

See Oracle and BPR Report Information* also

 

 

Browser, MIE,
WebSite Viewer

All of the pages at this website are best viewed with GEHC’s standard browser, MIE; review the MIE* article for more info

 

 

Business

A GEHC business is a collection of Managers who drive both people & critical decisions directed at improving Products and services for their Customers, thereby helping to globally improve humanity as well as helping GE’s stock price. These decisions include Top-down program definition targets and timing commitments (e.g. the MGPD), financial (BPR) and headcount (OP) targets, as well as support for the overall Quality, Safety and Regulatory* requirements

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Benefits

The portion of C&B that GE automatically provides with employment, funded by each cost center as a percentage of their salaries. The GE Benefits Page* provides a detailed explanation of how these funds are deployed

 

 

Centricity

The CT Customer Centricity* team was under Don Shave in 2003 and held responsibilities for Engineering Compliance, IB (Quality), Validation & 6Sigma (see GTO)

 

 

eCheckbook

A checkbook is a legacy tool created by Don Shave (for John Chiminski’s team) that helped control funds to be spent on equipment, materials or other key activities for a Program. These were predicted & controlled with a spending plan, aka the “Material Expense Plan”.

The process of ordering, approving, monitoring & receiving items is done today through GEMSbuy*, reported back to the program through the actuals, organized by JENO*.

A legacy eCheckBook tool is AutoReconciliation, which helped automate the monthly translation* of the 886 actuals into the eCheckBook format for each program.

This tool concept was also used for T&L prediction and control, although in a different format

 

 

eCockPit

The legacy Global CT Eng Leadership CockPit was a web site where our key business links and metrics were displayed

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Commitment

"Do-or-Die" agreements that a Person must deliver

 

 

C&B, Comp & Ben

C&B is the area where the majority of our BPR funds end up. Compensation is the money* that GE shares with us all on a periodic basis, and Benefits are calculated as a percentage from Comp (30% - 40%)

 

  

Competitor

The people who are REALLY nervous about FCT! These include Siemens*, Picker (aka Marconi)*, Toshiba*, and Philips*… More details may be viewed at the FCT Systems Engineering Competitive Info* site

;-)

 

Compliance

ComplianceWebster is simply achieving conformity with our official requirements, also known as our regulations. This conceptually undemanding act has more depth & breadth than the largest ocean* on Earth, so it’s a really good idea to consult with some Quality Wizards!

 

 

Cost Center

An entity in the Finance system, usually with P&L targets; see a list on the inner definitions page*

 

 

CR&D

Corporate Research and Development*, the place where Magic (click to see) so often happens for our Customers!!

;-)

 

CT,
FCT

Computed TomographyWebster is part of the Functional and CT Imaging business at GEMS, and is an overall Area of the Universe that is perhaps quite well-known for the incredible metamorphosisWebster of “Raw X-Rays” to near-perfect images (performed by Engineering* Artisans under the guidance of our Global Business* Leaders), providing virtual medical miracles daily that help us all to save lives, each and every day. Think about it as you work on “stuff” today…

Review a definitive Siemens article about CT Technology*

;-)

 

Customer

The people out there who REALLY fund things for us, which is why we all work so hard to make them smile and keep'em!

;-)

 

CutLine Sheets
Example File

A key legacy part of the WWPP that defined a number of key attributes of a given SSTR or program, e.g. deliverable timing, major features and a summary of funds

See SandBox sheets also

 

 

DDTS

The Distributed Defect Tracking System helps us all to manage our SPR's

 

 

Design

That sometimes-difficult activity which most Engineers try to get right the 1st time! The Quality system requires that many aspects of the design work be captured in the DHF*

;-)

 

Device

The term that the FDA applies to the products that we design and build

 

 

Engineering

The GEHC Engineering Team* provides the backbone for development of our Products using the funds that are allocated through the WWPP and the S-I & S-II processes

See GTO also

 

  

Engineering Manager

The Manager who is responsible for all of Engineering

 

  

EQPM

The Global Engineering Quality Procedures Manual is structured around clauses of ISO & FDA regulations (see clause mapping* & internal definition: EQPM*) to define the quality requirements for all phases of the work done by Engineering as part of the overall GEMSAm Quality System*

 

 

Estimate,
Estimating

Estimates, the backbone of program predictability, are often significantly mis-calibrated, causing execution slips, delivery delays and other complexities. The art of estimation is a skill for which there are a host of external references, such as the SCEA* site and many others. Be sure to review another often-encountered mistake, the Man-Year.

 

To generalize this concept a little further, consider that an estimate is simply a set of “educated guesses” about what seems to be needed from various skills (e.g. SW, HW, Mech, etc) to design and implement a feature. The overall accuracy of an estimate is always highly dependent on the people involved in the exercise, usually improved when repeating something that’s been done before, or is similar.

 

Remember also that research in the Engineering Program Library will provide useful “lessons learned” information!

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Excel

Microsoft’s Excel* is the spreadsheet tool that provides the backbone for many FCT Engineering tools as well as reports from the Finance team. Several links:

  • The Learn How Excel Works* site has useful background
  • The Math Tools* website covers many threads, including Excel; you must register to access details, but it’s worth the 2 minutes!
  • Spend some time with Ask Mr. Excel* for an alternate view
  • See Macro’s & Pivot Tables below and remember that pages of context-sensitive help data are on “F1” and the [?] buttons!

 

 

FDA

The Food and Drug Administration, a key part of the DHSS (Department of Health and Human Services) controls our regulatory environment in the USA. Their ORA (Office of Regulatory Affairs) sets out the FDA Compliance Guidelines*

 

An historical view of a news clip* (FDA feedback, 2001) shares an executive-level, personal view of some calibration to this complexity

 

 

Feature

A deliverable item for a Project, a Program or an SSTR that has an estimate of the effort required

 

 

Finance, Financial

The GEMS Finance Team* is part of the “back-office” organization, providing critical data to managers and leaders

 

 

FMI

A Field Modification Instruction corrects a significant defect that has been delivered by a Program to our Customer who is usually trying to be patient with our screw-up...

See Global FMI PRD* also

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Folder ID

An Oracle term for the Program ID that you must have when purchasing stuff at GEMSBuy*

 

 

GE, General Electric,

“The General”

The General Electric Company* establishes and funds…

The Environment in which we all work to define & deliver many interesting Products to our Customers which enhance the GE Stock Price*, thereby improving...

The Environment in which we all work to define and deliver many interesting...[ Repeat Ad Infinitum… ]


Visit the GE Operating System* and check a few GE Stats*

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GEHC;
GE Medical Systems

GEHC* is the place where many of the people reading this list spend most of their work time. Fun for me, too!!

;-)

 

GMP

Good Manufacturing Practices (laid out here* by the FDA) establish the environment in which we are constrained to operate as we build & ship our collections of things

 

  

GTO

The Global Technology Organization* is the group-level parent for all of Engineering, including FCT

 

  

HC*, Headcount

HC is a critical measurement for both Program and Unit people Top-down targets. This funding dimension does not directly equate to dollars, but is converted to expenses using various Liquidation Rates*…see C&B for more details

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HII

A High Impact Inspection is the process by which Engineers work to ensure that various designs are robust, adequate and on track to meet the requirements. Many SPR's are created during the HII review cycle as action item trackers

 

 

Integration Steps

The key markers in a Program plan against which we all try to demonstrate predictable progress and eventual success. Milestones are usually the key end-points in a series of Integration Steps

 

 

Integrity

An invaluable aspect of everyone’s individual life, GEHC regards this as an essential element for employment and assesses each of us annually in more than a dozen areas.
The Integrity Polices are accessible on the Policies* web page

 

 

ISO

The International Organization for Standardization has been developed for European countries by many, many people working feverishly over several years in Geneva, Switzerland creating the ISO*, resulting in the ISO-9000 requirements and their related complexities; see Regulatory info also

 

 

Laminated

A much-malignedWebster term used for sealing commitments or targets in plastic wrappers to try & indicate their longevity

 

 

Legacy “Stuff”

Often encountered, “Legacy xxx” describes things that we once associated with well-understood stuff but that today are frequently found to be virtually incomprehensibleWebster

See Oracle or Finance Info* also

;-)

 

Leader, Leadership

Good Leaders* may be defined as people who have…

The Ability To Inflict “Pain” And
Get Away With It

In other words, good leaders are more able to persuade teams to endure short-term pain for long-term gain(s).

 

See “Leadership is Action, not Position*”, quoted by Donald H. McGannon, frequently referenced by others*

;-)

 

Longevity

The time that an entity exists, also known as “persistence”. Critical entities are relatively short lived, some measured in days, some in months, some longer term. A few examples…

The BPR (once established) lived with minimal changes for a year

Financial targets (such as T&L) are defined with the BPR but may change quarterly, or even more often

Key programs often have the critical dates laminated to indicate that these dates will remain unchanged

Finance Actuals (once delivered monthly; less frequently today) were effectively automatically laminated as they are permanent records

Record Retention is a key GEHC activity described how you should to clean your desk & filing cabinet(s)

Your individual annual G’s&O’s may have a shorter life span than you expected!

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Macro

A set of instructions for an application (such as Excel) to process one or more actions or functions. These steps are encoded as Visual Basic* scripts and vary in complexity from simple selection tools to sophisticated, erudite manipulation and conversion of data – also see the VBA* overview site.

 

Don’t forget to check the many, many pages of useful help data in Excel’s VBA tool as well as the “Macro Record” feature, which provides instant coaching to get you started!

 

 

Manager, Mgr.

The Buck Stops Here*”…a Leader responsible for controlling multiple, complex business deliverables

(This link addresses a posting node on the Islet Foundation* Public Message Forum)

 

 

Manufacturing
(aka Global Sourcing)

The organization responsible for building the many Products that Engineering has designed. The blueprint for each product is captured in a DMR and the quality system records for each system built are captured in the product’s DHR

 

 

Man-Year,
aka Person-Year

A theoretical standard for the intervals of effort required developing estimates for program features (also defined with Man-Months). The true complexity of this often-misunderstood term is the attempt to convert Man-Years to the Equivalent Applied Work Hours, an error that is often the real root cause for program delays. Conversion of estimates to effort can vary significantly from business to business, region to region and culture to culture.

 

Studies on this subject abound (Fredrick Brook’s 1975 book, “The Mythical Man Month*” is a very well-known software project example), but for our environment, an effort analysis may help clarify the issue. One must also consider points about “Natural Intervals of Time”…Enjoy!

·        Contemplate pre-technological society for a minute or two (a couple thousand years back), where Friday’s were not payday or the day before the weekend but simply another dawn in the current season: Cold days, Warm ones, some in between. A little less complex…
“Why are clocks required?” And who said that Mornings are the best?
“Who decided on 7 days in a week, anyway?” And why?

·        Just a few decades back, letters to family, friends and the newspapers were written, not typed, and took some time to write and to read/reply.
A few hundred years before that, communications were local, person-to-person or took weeks or even months to get through. Make ya hate eMail?

·        Rules & Regulations abound… “Is lunchtime always a fixed thing, or can it float to your hunger need? How about starting & quitting time? Days off?”

Also see an interesting “Threads of Time” discussion here*

;-)

 

Metric;
Measurements

Measurements are a fascinating aspect of engineering life, some more so than others… hard-to-quantify measurements might include success, leadership, design aestheticsWebster, etc. Metrification of our long-standing measurement system can also be a little confusing … a few key conversion ratios:

1 (x) *

Factor

=

Metric

*

Factor

= (y)

1 Inch *

2.5400

=

cm

*

0.3937

= Inches

1 Foot *

0.3048

=

m

*

3.2808

= Feet

1 Yard *

0.9144

=

m

*

1.0936

= Yards

1 Mile *

1.6093

=

km

*

0.6214

= Miles

1 Lb *

0.4536

=

kg

*

2.2046

= Lb

1 oz *

28.3500

=

grams

*

0.0353

= oz

1 Fl oz *

29.5740

=

cc's

*

0.0338

= Fl oz

1 UK Fl oz *

28.4100

=

cc's

*

0.0352

= UK Fl oz

1 Gal *

3.7854

=

liters

*

0.2642

= Gal

1 UK Gal *

4.5460

=

liters

*

0.2199

= UK Gal

Fahrenheit (x

-32)/1.8

=

Celsius

*

1.8+32

= Fahrenheit

Visit NIST (National Inst. of Standards and Technology) also

 

 

MGPD

Business direction comes from a Multi-Generational Product Development plan … this is how our Customers get to love us more & more while our Competitors simply stand in awe!

 

 

Milestone,
eMilestone

A major checkpoint in an SSTR or Program plan (e.g. "M1", "M3", "TE", etc), usually PRD-derived and often constructed as the end-point of a number of Integration Steps

 

 

MTBF

Mean Time Between Failure is a critical reliability measure, established by life-testing

 

 

NPI

New Product Introduction is the process that defines how we design, create and deliver Products to our Customers

 

 

OHR ID

Your “Oracle HR ID” is used to access GEMSBuy* and other things; see Oracle for more info. To discover your secret access code, go to the HR web site*, enter your last name and click "Search" to see your OHR ID. Record this for future use

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OP

The Operating Plan is a financial position statement for a business that defines how funding will be deployed

 

 

Oracle

Oracle* is our new overall finance environment as well as the backbone for manufacturing. It is also the database that forms the heart of GEHC’s financial system from which the BPR is created. Many external web sites, such the Oracle Magazine* provide more info

See OHR ID, Unit # to Oracle ADN, GEMSBuy and Finance Info* also

 

 

People, Person

The folks who MATTER and get all this stuff done!

 

 

Phasing

This legacy function of a SandBox defines the level of work (man-month & material estimates) at a high level for the WWPP. The effort is loaded as a percentage per quarter for years 1-3 and by year for years 4 & 5.  

The loading tool may be used to divide the effort in 3 ways:

  1. Sum = 100% … represent HC/$ as loaded
  2. Sum < 100% to reload last year’s #’s with work done
  3. Sum > 100% to multiply loading across years

 

 

Pivot Table

An often-misunderstood tool (built in to Excel) that allows you to quickly build simple summaries of large amounts of data. See Pivot Tables (Math Tools)* as well as Pivot Tables by Ask Mr. Excel* for some specifics. Don’t forget that there are many pages of good help data built-in to Excel!

 

 

Policy

GEHC Group Policies define the need & overall requirements for key business activities. These may be viewed at the GEHC Policies* web page; an Engineering subset is also available

 

 

PRD

The Global Phase Review Discipline (PRD) is a GEHC-wide process intended to improve planning, prediction & execution of programs. View the latest release of the Global PRD process document on eLibrary*. The PRD is tightly coupled to the EQPM and is in turn thereby tightly coupled to our auditable requirements for both the FDA* & the ISO* regulations. The PRD also describes the form of a “skeleton” Program Plan upon which Features are built.

See the GEHC eNPI* web site also

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P&L, Profit & Loss

Businesses operate on a P&L sheet, established by Finance and Management for a Cost Center based upon planned and predicted income and expense. Engineering cost centers typically do not generate income but always have expenses

 

 

Predictable

Predictability is a critical attribute of many things we work on. Some examples:

  • Budget…“So, what’s the end of the quarter expense?”
  • Program Deliverables…miss one & discover how complex the world is outside the office because we’re missing our customer commitments
  • Design…try letting the MTBF of your board be worse than what you predicted or letting a tricky SPR in your code slip through to Validation!!
  • Quality…more than you think you have time for…

 

 

Product

A product (aka Device) is typically a simply remarkable offering we have for our Customers that causes our Competitors to frequently experience fierce burning sensations*, often resulting in significant organizational changes after furiously engaging in many loud, late-night debates about how they're running waaaay behind us!

;-)

 

Product Planning Mgr

The Manager who is responsible for developing and delivering several business-critical items, including the WWPP, the OP, and a BPR with several other tools that support them

 

 

Program

A set of structured activities (a collection of Projects and Features with a Material Expenditure Plan) that creates a Product for our Customers. Usually tied into the WWPP

 

  

Program Mgr

The Manager who is responsible for planning & delivering a Program, including the tieback and phasing to funding and the MGPD. This person is the source for a multitude of useful data, including the 3-digit program ID

Note: program codes are also available at the LTR* site

 

 

Program Plan

The plan for Program deployment… see the aforementioned set of structured activities, too...

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Project

A set of estimated, structured activities that, when executed to the commitments, will predictably deliver one or more items of significance for SSTRs or Programs

 

  

Project Lead

The Person responsible for defining and delivering a Project

 

 

Quality

Quality*, a critical attribute of the work that we do for GE each & every day is often abused & frequently misunderstood, but is never easily defined and almost always interesting!! Several relevant Quality-related links are below…

·       The FCT Quality System* pages provide eGuidance for FCT’s Quality Management System

·       View GEHC’s official Quality position at Policy 1.12 (on Policies page)*

·       The GEHC Quality System* defines global processes & procedures; the GEHC Legal page shares additional related info

·       GEHC Regulatory info may be viewed at Regulatory Support Central* page; advice on our regulated environment is the final link in this collection

For an invaluable perspective, remember that “A Picture Tells A Thousand Stories” so go see the poster showing how…

The Bitterness of Poor Quality Lingers Long
After the Sweetness of Meeting the Schedule

FCT’s EQR would enjoy hearing your views & thoughts… Please - Feedback Here!

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QuickPlace*

The server for FCT Quality, eEngineering & eFinance data & tools, part of GEHC’s Domino* eTools suite. Difficulty accessing compressed files? Visit Don for a solution…

 

 

Record Retention

Record Retention is a critical activity for regulated businesses, directing document longevity. This is especially important to quality, where regular audits of various elements require reasonably rapid production of the required documents.

View the policy at the GEHC Policies* web page

 

 

Regulatory

RegulationsWebster are the external influences that direct and control our technical work at GEHC. This vast compilation of international laws, rules, policies, guidelines and apparently incongruous, unconventional things collaborate (sometimes in conflicting ways) to form the complex regulatory environment inside which we are legally constrained.

 

This set of laws is established by a multitude of expert lawyers, policy-makers and politicians around the world. Folks at the FDA developed 21CFR, Parts 800-1299*, the basis of GMP, and folks in Europe built the ISO regulations. Many other organizations also have key roles:

·        IEC*

·        CSA*

·        NEMA*

·        IEEE*

·        TÜV*

·        UL*

These teams place Safety & Regulatory boundaries around our designs, the details of which are interpreted for the dilettanteWebster & uninitiated masses by our SRE folks.

 

More information is available at Control Engineering Online*

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Requirements

When used within Engineering, Requirements are the output of our FCT System Designers who translate Customer needs into a coherent list of for each Engineering function, probably our most critical activity. You will also encounter requirements for the Quality system, which in this area implies Regulations

 

 

SandBox Sheet
Example File

The legacy input tool for the WWPP that identifies the target timing and phasing, the feature list, estimated heads by skill and various funds for a given SSTR or program

See CutLine sheets also

 

 

ScoreCard,
SCI ScoreCard

The legacy SCI Scorecard (“Simplify, Clarify, & Identify”) was part of the eMonitoring activity for CT engineering finance in 2001

See a Visual Map of the scorecard

 

 

Skill

Skill is something that our people possess (e.g. “LPI”, “Manager”, "EE", "SW", "Validation"…) that facilitates their work, thereby allowing programs to more competently & predictably develop & deliver features for their business-critical integration steps and milestones, resulting in…

THE BEST CT PRODUCTS IN THE WORLD!!

;-)

 

SPR

System Problem Reports are created with DDTS to log, track & manage irritating little headaches that creep into our “stuff” as we design, implement and deploy things. SPR's are created throughout the life cycle of a product (requirements to validation), from HII logs & various bugs in the design phase to PQR's once our work is out in the real world

 

 

SSTR

A SubSystem Technology Roadmap defines where our vision will be taking us, providing that we all did our homework during the MGPD. The features, skills and timing for the SSTRs are captured as WWPP entries, allowing Programs to evaluate the in/out phasing for their deliverables

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S-I, S-II

Session 1 and Session 2 are the financial checkpoints that are put together in September & October to form the baseline for next year’s planning, especially for Engineering’s BPR

A visit to the GE Operating System* is worth the load time!

 

 

Target

Targets mean many things to different people. For this environment, targets are established as a deliverable objective for a person or a team to achieve. While some targets have virtually immutable longevity, others are well known to be short-lived or dynamic

 

  

Technical Lead

A skilled Person responsible for delivering a Feature

 

 

Top-Down

Information set ($, Heads, …) by the business leadership

 

 

Travel & Living, eT&L

People incur T&L expenses as approved by their Manager for trips related to their business operation. Legacy prediction & planning for a unit was done in a "checkbook", similar in format to Program Materials. The actual process of reserving, booking, monitoring and reporting trips is done through the GEHC eT&L Portal Site*

 

 

Unit

A collection of People with similar skills under a Manager

 

  

Unit Mgr

The Manager responsible for a Unit

 

 

Verification &
Validation, V&V

These 2 terms (often incorrectly interchanged!) refer to the activities that Engineers perform to check their design work, a critical area of our Quality system. View more info here.

Verification is testing that is done at different levels through the implementation phases of a design to confirm that both design & implementation meet the requirements.

Validation is a higher level of system testing that confirms that the device meets the customer needs

 

 

WWPP

The World Wide Product Plan deploys a 3-5 year view that helps predict the future of an organization

See SandBox & CutLine sheets also

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Disclaimer            Many of the entries above are Don Shave’s exclusive, personal viewpoint…             ;-)
You may not quote any elements from this page without Don’s prior written permission.



All information communicated by this web site is by nature preliminary & may (or may not) become part of our products.
While much of this information is not specifically Proprietary to the General Electric Company,

it should not be shared with any of our Customers or Competitors without written permission from the author, Don Shave.

Page last updated: Wednesday, July 13, 2005
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